Suckers - What do you tell the client?

First, let me thank Jomoco, Frax and Blinky for jumping right back on the bicycle. I already have Suckers 1, 2, and 3 nestled in the word processor to answer each of their perspectives.

And fireaxe, originator of the thread, reminds us: My original question stands unanswered. I have unsuccessfully looked for an answer.

I intend to help with the answer, but full disclosure has me say it will be counterintuitive to most of the discussions so far. I have often found that finding things in the shadows were important routes to practical simplicities--and please remember that simplicity for me rarely equals parroting dogmatic pontifications. My task is to be accurate and persuasive.

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I understand (plant class was a long time ago) the cellular mechanics of how they form and what they do over time.

Why, o why, are they called water sprouts? Sorry again for the earlier misnomer. It seems to me that suckers have similar growth characteristics.


I enjoy reading the works of the biologists back in the late 1880's who first looked at different curiosities and had to find names for them. There were sometimes competitions, but those were settled out and became what we inherited. When consensus oversimplifies, we struggle with a reasonable common understanding.

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I am looking for a study that compares the photosynthetic capacity and/or transpiration capacity of the adventitious tissues to standardly formed tissues. This would give some insight as to why they are so dramatic in their different appearance and perhaps functional difference IF there is any difference at all.

A problem here is that you feel you already have the answer (photosynthetic capacity and/or transpiration capacity) and are looking for confirmation in one study.

You aren't going to find it; that's close to an impossible task. If it existed--and was true--it would be gobbled up in a thousand citations. That is also not me saying you are wrong in your pursuit; let's just consider some other shadows in our wanderings.

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Has anyone ever seen a tree sucker without any prompting by an environment change?

Incidentally, I consider pruning to be an environment change for the tree. The new house, the removing of its companion tree and just about any change to the surroundings of a tree.


I can provide a number of examples--and I'll try to do that in organized sequences. Right now I'll present a core word for me: reiteration (duplication) of the woody cylinder. Choose a twig, a branch, a trunk, any woody cylinder--they are replications of the same structures, processes, and evolutions. They can absolutely differ in scale, but they are still the same duplications.

(Please note that different size duplicates will have their internal specifics scalable in the same ways.)

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... This example is water under pressure. The transpiration of trees is considerably more complex. Is it not still a flow problem?

Food source doesn't sit right with me. There are usually other, higher sunned areas to facilitate photosynthesis. All the energy produced is not used locally right? Something has to be sent elsewhere?



In my world, these are component variables--valid, dissectible, and the factoid subjects of many papers and studies. I don't claim to find any Holy Grail--like I said, right now I'm squinting at things that aren't quite clear.

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When there is not consensus, I get concerned. In this topic are we to work off dogma (new word for me :|)?

The goal is to have something that resembles a fact that is evident or can be similarly discovered by another person without being told. There are too few facts and way too many opinions.

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I believe there is real value in challenging dogma; both as an exercise in critical thinking, and in delightfully discovering that something unexpected has rolled out of the shadows.



Bob Wulkowicz
 
Bob, I read a fascinating article on water transport mechanisms in coast redwoods, currently the tallest tree on the planet.

One group of experts was claiming it was physically impossible for CR's to transport water from the roots to over 300 feet up. While another group of experts claimed they could.

Well the chap that wrote the article theorized that both groups were sorta kinda right, but not for the reasons each claimed. This chap suspected that CR's had the ability to transport water up close to the 300 foot mark, but that beyond that the CR's stomata opened up and drank in water during foggy wet conditions from the top down!

Then the fellow proved it scientifically by placing artificial misters in the tops of CR's in unfavorable environments suffering dieback. Once misted, these stressed out CR's perked right back up again and began growing skywards again!

I found the article fascinating and very informative of how these tall giants of the tree kingdom find a way to do the seemingly impossible.

[ QUOTE ]

Mother nature is the great provider!

From Jack Nicholson, Goin South
[end quote]

jomoco
 
[ QUOTE ]
Bob, I read a fascinating article on water transport mechanisms in coast redwoods, currently the tallest tree on the planet.

One group of experts was claiming it was physically impossible for CR's to transport water from the roots to over 300 feet up. While another group of experts claimed they could.


[/ QUOTE ]

Quite the same as some of our disagreements here...


Well the chap that wrote the article theorized that both groups were sorta kinda right, but not for the reasons each claimed. This chap suspected that CR's had the ability to transport water up close to the 300 foot mark, but that beyond that the CR's stomata opened up and drank in water during foggy wet conditions from the top down!

Then the fellow proved it scientifically by placing artificial misters in the tops of CR's in unfavorable environments suffering dieback. Once misted, these stressed out CR's perked right back up again and began growing skywards again!



His contribution became part of a larger understanding that the redwoods were were also creating their own micro-climates, in that fog was necessary for growth and survival at those heights, but the RCs couldn't build artificial misters like his, and had already built their own...

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I found the article fascinating and very informative of how these tall giants of the tree kingdom find a way to do the seemingly impossible.


Look up Biomimicry Here's an introductory video that fits your predisposition:

http://www.ted.com/talks/janine_benyus_biomimicry_in_action.html



From Jack Nicholson, Goin South
To Bob Wulkowicz, Wandrin East--albeit slowly
 
[ QUOTE ]
Prune them off? Reduce, remove, leave?

I usually say that the tree is in adjustment mode. Wouldn't put them out there if they weren't needed. Cut one off and get 4 back.

I suspect they are put on to principly aid with water movement. Anyone read <u>evidence</u> of purpose? Like a research doc. or study. I have read lots of opinions.

I see many, many jobs where they are removed repeatedly. I assume that this is the advice that is typically given.

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I saw this title days ago and hoped to read the thread. Doesn't seem to be happening yet, so I'm just responding to the first post.

Water sprouts is the proper name I think you are referring too.

happens when a tree is stressed or prunned too much.

Therefor, a survival thing for the tree.

Therefore, why trim them all off?

It is a bad trend that somehow got started; the idea that water sprouts are evil and every one should be trimmed off. I hear it from most home owners in my area. I'm currious to read other responses to see if others said the same.

On a fairly healthy tree that has some water sprouts, I might trim most off, but leave others that will fill any void in the crown.

On serverly stressed trees, I will not trim any off.

I viewed a very stressed tree about a year or so ago. A pin oak with either severe root damage or a topping. I can't remember which.

anyway, it HAD a large amount of water sprouts it had put out to deal with the loss of productive leaves.

A tree service had come in and trimmed off every last water sprout, hundreds and left foliage only out at the ends of the limbs only. Lion's tailed the thing.

I explained to the homeowner that the tree was really stressed and trying to survive. It had put out lots of water sprouts in order to save itself. Those were all cut off.

She said, "I knew it! I knew I should have gotten someone that knew what was going on! The other guy said suckers were bad and should be trimmed off".

The other guy used spikes of course too, btw.

Another thought, if you trim a tree, then 2 years later; see lots of water sprouts, you know you did not trim it correctly. In most cases.
 
We have been using the rule of 3 for excessive sprouting. It is a rule that Dr. Ed Gilman brought to us 4 or 5 years ago. Then I believe one of the guys I work with came up with a catch phrase to discribe it... The Three R's. Reduce, Retain and remove. Simply put out of every three sprouts or suckers (which ever you want to call them) you reduce one, Retain on in its original state and you remove one completely. This has done very well for us in reducing the sucker/sprout growth on a group of trees (Paulownias) that we take care of every year.
This is also very easy for the public/customers to understand when coupled with the points that everyone else is making (that is, the points about the topic).
 
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any research you can link to base that treatment on?

[/ QUOTE ]The 3R treatment is based on ed's considerable research on pruning. It is an excellent starting point in approaching decisions on managing sprouts.

How would you propose testing it?

what hypothesis would you start out with?

What alternative would you test it against?

How would you define the subject well enough to start?
Are all sprouts created equal?
How would you eliminate enough variables to make such a test yield valid results?

Attached shows suckers at the base and sprouts on the trunk. I left the sprouts that were helping to close pruning wounds, and removed the rest. Comments?
 

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Re. Guy's questions

What are the objectives of this pruning? Thread subject is epicormic (ON THE TRUNK)sprouts.

Dose (covered quite well in flyingsquirrel's post)

Timing (imo not when leaves are falling or forming)

Potential consequences.

Were objectives met? Would need comparisons obviously.

Do consequences outweigh benefits?

Lost my Gilman text a few months ago but do not recall cited research or linked. Can you provide this?

Your attachment crapped out again.

As a well known forum owner once said "lots of chest beating and blathering going on here".

This all needs to develop into some kind of form, maybe something like this...

http://arboristapps.co.uk/
 
Dave, good news--you can replace your lost Gilman text with the 3rd edition! If you want links, look it up in the journal, auf.isa

re timing, I'm scheduling a lot of pruning for Aug-Sept, as I do every year, where the objective is overall reduction.

I'll check the pic, thanks.
 
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Dave, good news--you can replace your lost Gilman text with the 3rd edition! If you want links, look it up in the journal, auf.isa

re timing, I'm scheduling a lot of pruning for Aug-Sept, as I do every year, where the objective is overall reduction.

I'll check the pic, thanks.

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Makes me feel alot better Guy. I just know it is gonna turn up right after I buy one but if that's the case...so what. Probably lent it to somebody.
 
O and here's another link, not about watersprouts, but sprouts after water (and wind) damage. 3Rs on Page 7; been put up here before. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP29100.pdf

Again, not every aspect is researched, but the SWAGs are well founded.
applaudit.gif


I hope whoever borrowed your book uses it! As a doorstop, pricey. As a door-opener (Huxley), priceless. Break on through to the other side!
beerchug.gif
 

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any research you can link to base that treatment on?

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To which statement? The 3Rs, or the customers understanding?
I dont have links to the 3Rs, or any research that has been done on it. I know Ed, had dont a ton of research on pruning (and other things). I can only speak to the observations that I have seen over the last 4 or 5 years since we had Ed to our place. And the agressively sprouting/suckering Paulownias (14 of them) seem to be a little less aggressive. Im not saying that they dont sprout/sucker but the 12 or 14 footers are fewer than they used to be.
As for the customers understanding? I dont know... When I talk to people, they seem to understand that you dont want to just strip them out or they will just come back, sometimes worse. It also helps to note that the tree put them there for a reason, because it needs the leaf area (for one reason or another).
I as with anyone can only speak to what I have observed in my time. I am blessed to be able to work on a tree, and watch its progress, reactions and adjust its treatments (just the nature of an awsome job). I do wish I could do a bit more research but Im content just observing for now.
 
Thanks flying.

I use very similar language when discussing the issue.

I think I just want concrete to stand on rather than sand. It would cut down on the variability of answers that are given to customers. The 3 r's are basic and utilized in some form by most of the informed arborists (Don't cut them all off). Shame there are so many tree guys out there that can't do the first r from another context - meaning read.

I voiced a different perspective that I haven't heard or read in BMP. I was very lazily looking for any support for the perspective. Had gotten my google on on the topic to no avail.

The support for our practices is mostly from SWAGs. I would call them SWAOs. Scientific Wild As@ Opinions. Support them better, pretty please.

Frax had a good qualitative experiment about transpiration. A microscope is invaluable in determining if there are tissue differences as well. I will be making a few home experiments this summer. See if anything comes of it.

I have listen to Gilman many, many times. I have also seen footage of his experiments. Have lots to say about those, though I would not do it unless drunk... Because of the hard work of the most notable scientists, scholars and observers, the industry is moving in a positive direction.

The trees do not need us to particularly have the correct answer. They will fix what we screw up :).
 
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Thanks flying.

The trees do not need us to particularly have the correct answer. They will fix what we screw up :).

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oooow...not buying that one. Spike all over a pruning job, drop honkers on the buttress flare, make flush cuts all over, lion's tale every branch, arbitrarily leave stubs well outside of the collar ...

fixing beyond their capabilities at that exaggerated point. Also they can become compromised (decay, loss of storage space, structural degradation, loss of energy reserves, inviting insect attack, etc.) permanently from this ineptitude.

Research takes lots of time (years). It is usually financed by grants or the hopes of book sales. Leave most of the research to the researchers (PhD's) who know how to conduct proper science.

Then we follow the (correct) research.

So you are pruning these Royal Paulownias predominantly for aesthetics fsquirrel? Nothing wrong with that but maybe follow Shigo's research and give them 3 years on the tree to do their job.

Excessive sprouting is a sign of low energy reserves. Maybe do additional treatments to improve on this. I have worked on many Paulownia's that have no inclination to sprouting.
 
flying, good work. Your observations may not be formal research, but they are science. If you keep regular clients you can document the trees' response over time. Keep a camera with you--videos are not just for removals!

"I voiced a different perspective that I haven't heard or read in BMP."

fireaxe, it's still not clear what kind of sprout you were talking about, or what perspective was voiced--can you clarify please? re BMP, did you follow the first "r"? did you read page 14? 3Rs there, plain as day.

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...maybe follow Shigo's research and give them 3 years on the tree to do their job.

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Dave, you asked for citations and I delivered. Turnabout being fair play, how about showing us where it is chiseled that 3 years is research-based, and not just a SWAO? Not everything a researcher says is based on research!

gilman's criterion is common-sense--wait until the sprouting slows. Let the tree tell you when it's ready.
 
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So you are pruning these Royal Paulownias predominantly for aesthetics fsquirrel? Nothing wrong with that but maybe follow Shigo's research and give them 3 years on the tree to do their job.[ QUOTE ]


Kinda but not really. We remove the seed pods yearly to reduce the invasiveness of the species. They are all young trees, planted in the mid 90's probably. While we are working on them we do some structural pruning and the 3rs on the sprouts. Aesthetics has some influence on what we are doing just because of where they are but it doesnt effect it that much. I dont recall Shigo ever doing research on Paulownia (I may be mistaken). If we left a sprout on these trees for three years before removal we would have a serious problem. We used to get 12 - 14 foot sprouts each year by July (all over the tree). Now we only get a couple here and there. After 3 years I would venture to say that the sprout would be taller than the tree currently is.

I am definatly content not getting grants and all for research. I will use my experiences to influence my career, I dont need to write books or be famous. Shoot I have a hard time writing these posts at times
crazy.gif
 
Blinky says

"Pruning is art in the same way as architecture. The science makes the structure strong but it's the mind of a human that applies it to create something aesthetically pleasing.

Urban trees have to look good in the eyes of the property owner, it's up to the arborist to keep them pretty without killing them. ...just my opinion."

I completely agree.

Arborists in populated areas are (for better or worse) arbitrators between people and trees. We seek to take the fear from people, reduce the risk to people, and beautify the natural world for people. I believe revealing a beautiful form within a tree is one of the best ways to get a homeowner to have an emotional connection with their tree.

Trees, I believe, will seek to grow in every advantageous way they can muster. If a tree is not in obvious need of any particular foliage (i.e. has a full and healthy canopy) and removing such foliage can enhance the appreciation of the tree, I find it acceptable to do so.

And that's what I would tell the client. (I do not currently personally have clients, as I am still gaining experience and knowledge which would enable me to make those judgements with more confidence)
 
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Hey Flying, I've seen Ed's pictures of your Paulownia, Longwood correct?

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Eric, yes... Ed loves that picture of the large cut on that Paulownia. I had only worked there for a little over a year when he asked one of our crew to cut that limb. It is right in the center of the gardens and I thought I would get fired for sure. But Im still there and the tree has responded well.
If you have seen that picture, did you see our maple that we have been playing around with? I know we are sending him pictures of that as well each year so he can follow the progress.

For anyone that is interested much of Ed's work is at this site http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody/index.shtml . A lot of good stuff.
 

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