Whenever this happens to me I just stop what I'm doing, grab the line about a foot on either side of where it got spiked, and give it a few good "pops". This almost always fixes any strands that got yanked. I generally don't worry about damage/cutting of internal strands. The sides of my gaffs are fairly blunt, it's only the tip that is sharp. If I replaced or cut my line every time it got accidentally spiked, I would be going through far too much rope over the years. That being said it does depend on rope construction. I don't worry about cut internal strands for 16-strands and double braids, but I would be less keen on it for kernmantles.
I think break testing lines that have been spiked would yield wildly inconsistent results because each and every incident is different and the damage is always unique.