Mark, I caught this thread and quickly read through every post. Allow me to provide my input.
1) DO NOT HAVE SURGERY !
2) Follow the exercise routines that I will describe in a moment.
3) Consider the possiblity that your rotator cuff--whether it's one of these tiny muscles, or all four--has "forgotten" how to efficiently function. Because of all your pain and discomfort, it has no doubt atrophied (shrunk) and lost a lot of its efficiency and--what I refer to as joint integrity. You must rebuild it, and re-teach it how to be reliable.
4) Never, never work through the pain! The rotator cuff by nature is a spoiled, stubborn structure that needs to be outsmarted by you.
Day-to-day, everyday movements can either cause, or aggravate, a rotator cuff problem. These daily, routine motions include: reaching for a jar on a high shelf, reaching to the back seat of the car while you're in the driver's seat, and slipping your arm into a coat jacket.
While performing these routine motions, the palm is typically either downward, or facing forward. Visualize how you fight to get your arm through a tight coat jacket. Your palm is probably facing the floor. When you reach up to get that jar, the palm is facing down. The problem with the palms-down approach is that it causes the humerus bone to come in very close contact with rotator cuff tendons. If those tendons are already inflamed, the bone will rub against them and fray them. Palms-down closes the space in the gleno-humeral cavity.
Palms-UP, however, opens this cavity, providing more "air space" for the humerus to rotate. It then does not rub against the tendons. This will give the tendons opportunity to heal.
In summary, whatever you do in life, KEEP YOUR PALMS UP ! When you pick up brush, keep palms up. When you reach for the jar or whatever, keep palm up. Grab the item, then lower it with palm up. When you pick something up off the floor or ground, face palm away from you, not toward you. If you're carrying luggage or something heavy with a handle, face palm away from you (facing someone standing in front of you), rather than toward your hips. This will take conscious thought until it becomes a habit. When climbing, grab branches with a supinated wrist (palm facing you this time), rather than palm facing away from you.
How you handle dumbbells during workouts can also be preventing your shoulder from healing. If you do dumbbell presses, pay attention to how you enter and exit the routine. When you pick up the weights, keep palms facing away from you, not toward you. Keep upper arms pinned to your sides, not flaying out, as you enter and exit!
Guidelines for weight workouts:
1) Whenever you pick up dumbbells, regardless of the routine about to take place, pick them up so that your palms are facing forward (like how they'd face someone standing in front of you), rather than backwards or towards your hips.
2) Do not do dumbbell or barbell presses on a flat bench! Tilt the bench slightly to take stress off the RC.
3) If you do lat pull-overs, do NOT do them behind your neck!
4) For lat pull-overs, do not use a wide grip with heavy weights. If anything really disrupts the RC, it's wide-grip, heavy lat pull-downs.
5) For dumbbell presses, keep palms facing each other at all times.
6) If you do triceps push-downs, keep upper arms GLUED TO YOUR SIDE at all times. Do not let upper arms flare out. A person should not be able to slip a piece of paper between your upper arms and sides.
7) If you're doing the "pec-deck," adjust the seat to its highest level. A low seat stresses the RC.
8) If you do seated chest presses, again, adjust the seat to its highest point.
9) Avoid dips and pushups until your shoulder significantly improves.
REHAB EXERCISES
In addition to the routines described in this thread, here are some more. These will re-acquaint your RC with what it was meant to do: be reliable and pain-free.
Figure out what weight routines bring on the pain. You will be doing these, with the exception of dips, pushups, and flat-bench pressing motions.
For every one of these exercises that brings on pain, simply go through the motions of these routines WITHOUT any weights, to see if just the motion itself is painful or tweaky. If it is, then you are limited to just that. Pay attention to at which point along the motion, the pain starts coming on. This is your threshold point. Do not move past this point! Rather, stop a few inches short of it. That is where your range of motion is to end. Do several sets daily or every other day. In a few weeks, you will notice that your threshold point will start moving further out in the range. When you can conduct the entire range of motion free of pain, it's time to add weights. Do not get ahead of yourself. You are NOT ready for the 30-pounders at this point. If weight-less motions caused pain, then your next step up is 5-pound weights. This sucks. But remember, the RC is a spoiled little child that needs to be re-taught its purpose, one small increment at a time. Do three sets each routine, 20 reps. If weight-less motions, at the beginning, do not bring on pain, then in small increments, increase weight in order to find out at what weight brings on the pain. So, for example, suppose 25-pound dumbbell presses bring on pain, but the 20-pounders don't. Then you work with the 20 pounders, striving to perfect complete range of motion for 20 reps, before moving on to the 25-pounders. Do not even look at those 30 or 40 pounders.
In summary, you will have to abandon the heavy weights. And here's the toughest part to swallow: This rehab routine will take a minimum of six months before you can actually handle more "manly" weights without pain. If you get ahead of yourself for just one set, you can literally set yourself back those six months. Then you're back to ground zero again. BE PATIENT.
Lat pull-overs: Though wide-grip is out with heavy weight, performing wide-grip with light weight is actually very, very therapeutic. Keep neck and head straight. Do not crane your head up as you pull down the bar. KEEP FOREARMS VERTICAL !! Bring bar down only to chin level. Hold for two seconds. The weight must be light enough to allow 20 EASY reps. I'm going to guess that a good weight for you would be 30-45 pounds. Yes, that's sissy weight, but look at it this way: You've been fighting a losing battle with your shoulder for too long now. It's time to be humble and lift the girlie weight load. Three sets, 20 reps. You can continue to lift heavy WITH A NARROW GRIP. Lifting light with a wide grip will be your permanent warmup that precedes every back and chest workout.
Good luck.
Shellbi