Mark Chisholm Tie in Technique

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I used this system (line choked off with running bowline) for probably the third time today and had a couple questions. Does anybody have any tricks to keep from spiking the line as you're descending? I was thinking of running it through a biner on a leg strap or something so its not between my legs. And has anyone experienced an unusual amount of wear on the end of their line using this technique? Just curious.
 
I'm probably just paranoid about rope wear because it always seems to catch on Doug. Fir bark which makes up most of the trees I climb. By the way thanks for writing the article explaining it Mark. Its nice to have a detailed explanation of different techniques.
 
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...but I am keen to expose as much of the facts as possible to help others make an informed decision.

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OK, so here is some info, with very little additional comment.




From L2s paper (double quotes "....." indicate the text is repeated verbatim from the paper):

In the ‘Doubled Rope Drop Tests’ for a ‘fall factor 2’ fall, the forces “…are very high and appear to be likely to cause damage to the climber” (p.33). In the ‘Single Rope Drop Tests’ for a ‘fall factor 2’ fall, “The recorded forces were almost 50% (on average) lower than the doubled rope ‘fall factor 2’ falls” (p. 35).



The above are for falls of ‘fall factor 2’. For falls of ‘fall factor 1’:


For the ‘Single Rope Drop Tests’ for ‘fall factor 1’ falls, it is stated “Both cord types held the fall with similar results to the doubled rope drop test for falls of ‘fall factor 1’” (p. 34).


"Maximum peak force recorded"
---for falls of 'fall factor 1' with a single rope: 700Kg
---for falls of 'fall factor 1' with a doubled rope: 892Kg


"Minimum peak force recorded"
---for falls of 'fall factor 1' with a single rope: 624Kg
---for falls of 'fall factor 1' with a doubled rope: 641Kg


NB--various combinations of friction hitches, split tails, and climbing lines were used, and these were not always duplicated from one type of test to another.




Most of the paper seems to consider that the climber is tied-in to a limb and is working the canopy. In a few places the paper specifically mentions working on a spar and in the ‘General Conclusions’ it states “…when topping down a pole…the lifeline should be chokered (either doubled or single) around the stem at waist height in order to avoid a factor 2 fall” (p. 38).


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No slack, no force, no worries.

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I'll buy the beer.

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Hmmm...As you know, I checked this out Mahk, and what I'm talking about wasn't recorded in the research. I can't remember why, but I do remember running the tests. Should be a good one for those with dynamometers to play around with to see what they find. I'll get round to it one day.

Heres how I set up the test:

-Run 1/2" single braid 16 strand tree rope through 2No. maillon rapides as anchor point in tree, attached to dynamometer.
-Run out 14 metres of rope and tie as a doubled rope system with VT (Use two seperate krabs for each end of line to avoid krab failure).
-Clip both ends of rope as you would to climb, to a 100kg load; there should be around 7metres distance between load and TIP.
-lift load until 50cm of slack are in both legs of rope.
-release load and record.

Obviously, this will have to be set up to avoid the load impacting the ground.

This should show, that, even though its a factor 1 fall, the fall forces can be exceptionally high with a DdRT, if such slack is allowed in the system. Fall factors are concepts that explain seriousness of a fall with Single rope techniques. The actual forces in a factor 1 fall with DdRT could be way too high if loops of slack creep into the system. If it doesn't, I obviously got my wires crossed; I've had several knock-out blows to the head since then (metaphorically speaking).

Tut! The Guiness is stale! My round!
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Lazarus2 and Mahk Adams, what are you two science boffins going on about?

Could you please outline the main premise of your discussion for people like me who find it very difficult to follow anything that has text interspersed with numbers and acronyms.

Yours sincerly

axeknot
 
Axe

We were discussing likely fall forces when tying in DdRT or SRT when dismantling a pole. Then how fall forces are linked to fall factors, but the risk of a high fall force can still occur with low fall factors, in a DdRT system. Mahk's point was that the tests in the prusik research I was involved with, showed slightly higher forces with DdRT, but not too great.

My point is, yes, but be careful not to introduce slack into a DdRT system, because even though it may only be a factor 1 type fall, the slack and half stretch can lead to forces that may be very serious (Additional point - On a pole, if you're tempted to step up to shift a rope/set your line by your knees, and gaff out, it could be a factor 2 fall and worse forces). On a single line it shouldn't be as bad due to stretch and prusik slippage.

Basically, if you don't step above your line, and don't have any slack (50cm is too much by my reckoning), it doesn't matter if its DdRT or SRT.

I thought I'd included this in the research, but apparantly not. So it'd be interesting for others to run the tests and see what they get.

Errr...I think that covers it : )
 
Yes that covers it, thanks Laz2. I thought that was what you were discussing. And I agreee with your conclusion of no slack in the system and no higher than 500mm.

Very interesting research.

Another topic for discussion related to that would be the incidents of kick out of gaffs on spars. Are people being taught properly how to use spikes or is it just an organic learning process where you learn from your mistakes.
Should we not all have 2 sets of spikes one for thinned bark trees(beech/euc) and one for thick(redwood/some oaks)
 
You figured the difference in stretch between a single and doubled rope but where in your numbers did you account for the flexibility of the tree? Seems to me the flex of my typical tie-in point (I usually aim for a 2.5"-3" diameter lead, depending on species, etc) would be much greater than the difference in stretch between a single or doubled rope.

I hope I'm not out of line here since I've just come in on the tail end of this discussion and haven't read the entire thread.

And who except the positively insane would have '7 meters' (or over 20') of slack in their lifeline?
 
I'm sure Laz will chime in with an answer too.

As many variables as can be controlled or eliminated from a research project. In this case the flexibility of the tree wasn't being researched so a static TIP was used. That allowed Laz to test only rope stretch and hitch slippage.

You are entirely right though Brian. Even large branches move with the climber's load. That is a good thing for us...as long as they don't break. Fortunately broken TIPs aren't reported very often. That must mean that climbers have a good sense about what to use for a TIP. Following a regionally-adjusted 4" or 3" TIP diameter rule is good policy.

Using an adjustable false crotch or a Rope Guide gives even more shock absorbing at the TIP.
 
Laz, when is the UK set to do another round of testing? As we all know we are a dynamic industry and fascinating new tools and techniques are always on the horizon. I would hazard a guess that the new RG would now provide the most optimal energy transfer to the climber, as it has an energy absorber "zipper" built into the device. That fact just occured to me now as I was readiing these last 3 posts.

When you guys set out to do more testing, I would like to help if at all possible....er ahhh,...third party review......right? Now, seriously, even as a number writer, note taker, coffee fetcher, I would like to gain some exposure to such a project.
 
You covered it Tom - thanks : )

The next research is rigging. I didn't win the bid, but I have been asked for info by the researcher ( :shakinghead ). Which is nice.

As for the RG energy absorber, you can only rely on that when you have a straight line to the TIP without friction i.e not that often. And then you have to consider impact with boughs below/power lines.

It is a good feature though. I use mine for when I need a high TIP on something awful like wide spreading cotton woods (YUK); I can choke it round a stem I know is strong, then run the DdRT up through a retrievable ReDirect with double pulley. No friction, and the suspect high point is now backed up. There would be high fall forces, but the energy absorber should take care of that. Technically for industry the regs say you should have a sternal attachment. But in this situation it isn't practical, and I believe a pelvic attachment is actually safer for energy absorption (plenty of rock climbers get by with pelvic falls). Because of the pulleys, you might get away with an energy absorber between the end of your line and the harness. That way you can still get down if it goes off.

Maybe the idea should be exposed in its own thread? Or has it before? I haven't seen anyone else do it, but I reckon they must've thought of it. Nothing like a big bad cottonwood to get my brain ticking!
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I'm sure you'd be welcome on any project I was involved with, Mangoes. Just a question of distance. Maybe the next generation of mobile phones will be able to 'beam us up'...
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Yes that covers it, thanks Laz2. I thought that was what you were discussing. And I agreee with your conclusion of no slack in the system and no higher than 500mm.

Very interesting research.

Another topic for discussion related to that would be the incidents of kick out of gaffs on spars. Are people being taught properly how to use spikes or is it just an organic learning process where you learn from your mistakes.
Should we not all have 2 sets of spikes one for thinned bark trees(beech/euc) and one for thick(redwood/some oaks)

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I always teach use of spikes on dismantling courses.
 
mahk, this is a bit off subject from what you guys are talking about but I had a few questions regarding the false crotch you showed in your pictures.

1. where can you order just the steel rings (large and small), instead of the entire false crotch?
2. did you use three rings in the system, one on each end and one on the prusik or did you simply tie a stopper knot or backsplice on one of the ends (without the ring)?
3. this may have been discussed in length already, but was wondering if it is considered safe to use a system (adjustable false crotch) like you showed on a spar without concern that the system will slip down the stem (such as in smoother barked trees or palms?), or because the system can be set to choke off the stem it is safe and thus will not move??
4. lastly, can you use any old 1/2" or smaller line (rated strength obviously) or do you recommend a particular rope for this app...

anyway, the reason I am asking is because I like this adjustable false crotch but wanted more info before I started messin' with it. Thanks a lot!

jp
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Jon, I made one of these last week and used it for the first time blocking down an ironwood yesterday. It worked really well. I spliced the big ring to a piece of Velocity (because that happened to be what I had lying around) and then used some StaSet for the prusik on the small ring (tied it on with double fishermans). I tied a secure stopper knot in the tail end, and Voila! Adjustable False Crotch! Very easy.

You can get the rings (they're aluminum, not steel) and a retrieval screw link from Wesspur. I think it cost me about 15 bucks for all three including the shipping. I think Mahk is using the ring from a throwbag for his retrieval link, which is free if you happen to have an old busted up throwbag. It's probably a little more streamlined than the screw link, although I had no problems with retrieval.


Give me a call if you'd like to try it out. I have to be up at the arboretum tomorrow anyways and will have plenty of time to play around if you're interested.
 
Mangoes

There is some rigging research underway at the moment that has funding from a number of organisations in the UK and US. The contractors are in Germany (Andy Detter at TreeConsult and Paul Howard) and the UK (Treevolution and Treemagineers). Treevolution are the contract holder and coordinators of work (as they were for the Prusik and Top Handled Chain Saw contracts). Some fieldwork took place in August last year, the next block will be undertaken near Munich in February. Fascinating stuff!

I can’t remember exactly who was sitting around the computer in Baltimore, but Andy was showing some of the raw video data just after TCI Expo had closed its’ doors on the Saturday. Tod K, Mahk, were you there that evening outside the Wharf Rat?

From memory, the final results of the current stage of works should be with the UK funding bodies at the end of June. Shortly after there will be a .pdf available from the HSE web site. I will post the link when it’s there….unless someone beats me to it. Re info dissemination in the US, Andy Detter has been invited to talk in Hawaii about the findings. I may be there as his (not-so-glamorous) assistant. Proposals will be made for presentations at both ISA and TCI demo trees. We’ll see if they are accepted. There will also be printed and other media outputs.

There are some interesting results already, and no doubt more will come. However, as we all know, there are lots of variables to consider. These contracts will make valuable contributions to the legacy of experience and science from many others. As ever though, there’s much more to do…..

Mangoes, if you are serious about playing with rope, wood, saws and electronics on this side of the water, with a bit more warning and correspondence, there may be a chance in the future - thanks for the interest.

Chris

Treemagineers – all for the trees and none for a fall!
 
Sorry for the late reply.

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1. where can you order just the steel rings (large and small), instead of the entire false crotch?

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I got mine from Sherrill.

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2. did you use three rings in the system, one on each end and one on the prusik or did you simply tie a stopper knot or backsplice on one of the ends (without the ring)?

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A friend and I have used just about every combination of big ring/small ring/block (from a Rope Guide) that we could. The simplest setup is to splice the big ring on one end of the rope of the AFC, tie the small ring to a piece of cord, and then use this to tie a friction hitch on the rope of the AFC. I have two different sizes (lengths) for larger and smaller diameter trees.

CAUTION!!

*****Do not use a Valdotain as the friction hitch in combination with a back splice on the end of the rope of the AFC. A Valdotain can unravel around a back splice and come off of the rope of the AFC. The same caution applies to an adjustable lanyard.*****

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3. this may have been discussed in length already, but was wondering if it is considered safe to use a system (adjustable false crotch) like you showed on a spar without concern that the system will slip down the stem (such as in smoother barked trees or palms?), or because the system can be set to choke off the stem it is safe and thus will not move??

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I once had an AFC slip down a spar in about four inch increments about three or four times in a row (i.e. it slipped a total of about 12 inches) as the bark flaked/slipped off of the stem. This happened on a live loblolly pine, which can sometimes have sections of flaky, loose bark.

I have on a couple of occasions cut a notch to set the AFC in when I was on a dead tulip poplar or loblolly pine. On these trees my spikes had caused the bark to slip and/or flake and I wanted to make sure the AFC would be stable.

I feel very secure when climbing live beech or sycamore. The problem (at least in my experience) is when the bark of any tree starts to slip or peel away from the wood of the stem.

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4. lastly, can you use any old 1/2" or smaller line (rated strength obviously) or do you recommend a particular rope for this app...

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I have used mostly 1/2" line. I see others use some of the smaller diameter lines, but that seems to be because of personal preference or because the smaller line happened to be on hand to splice.

Some of my earlier posts had a detailed explanation with photos showing installation and retrieval. See my post that begins "This is long..." on page two of this thread.
 

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