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Kinda splitting words Mahk so please don't take this as being argumentative.
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No worries. Just discussion.
Some more:
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To me, a backup means that there MUST be two pieces used in conjunction with each other to have a complete setup. Two connections means redundancy and either connection works independently. Each piece's primary role is to be an attachment point. as a secondary role they 'backup' the other piece.
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I agree with this:
"Two connections means redundancy and either connection works independently."
but I don't think that this is true:
"...a backup means that there MUST be two pieces used in conjunction with each other to have a complete setup."
which you echoed in this statement:
"Each piece's primary role is to be an attachment point. as a secondary role they 'backup' the other piece."
The latter two statements are true of the Frog system when used with a chest ascender, but the chest ascender isn't absolutely necessary for the ascent. You could toss out the chest ascender and still ascend in pretty much the same fashion, but you would need something else as a backup. Most of the time I don't use a chest ascender because I'm pretty comfortable without it, but I do have something else as a backup. On the other hand, if you toss out either the Pantin or the handled ascender, the whole system is different. You must, respectively, either footlock or grasp the rope with your hands. True, the chest ascender may have some other advantages (reduces sitback, tails very well, etc), but its one imperative function is to serve as a backup.
The latter two statements, however, are not true of some other systems. A climber could ascend using a pair of Kongs and a Dualcender, each with it's own tether. The Dualcender would back up the Kongs, but it's primary role would not be as an attachment point.
The first statement:
"Two connections means redundancy and either connection works independently."
is true of both systems, and (I think) a closer description of a backup.