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Babberney is spot on: if you notice a hazard on someone's property who you are working for, you are obligated to tell them. If they have 9 acres and you were only hired to prune the Japanese Maple out front, you're off the hook for what's going on out back if they didn't ask you to check it out. If, however, you prune a Japanese Maple in the back yard and walk past, say, an actively separating inclusion on an oak in front (something with a 4 or 5 likelihood of failure rating) you ARE obligated to point this out to the homeowner.
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I agree with this completely, however I do think you're kind of missing the mark with the mechanic example, because in that example, the mechanic notices another defect each time. I'm talking about being held responsible for defects that go unnoticed in the performance of a perfunctory task.
I have stated that I am very rarely called upon for these types of jobs, but it does happen. The front yard stump, the dead yew by the door, etc. Sometimes these customers are not interested in a consultation. That's just the way it is. It doesn't make my tree service more or less ethical than some of the other posters here, in fact, it doesn't indicate anything at all with regard to ethics.
I have an email out to a friend who is a member of ASCA using my example (more or less) to see if he knows of legal precedent where an arborist was held accountable for something they didn't see and were not hired to inspect, assess, or even walk by.
-Tom
(PS - Mario, you sort of lost me with the 'criminals being released from prison' analogy.)