A very interesting thread which raises several issues and references into so many of the other topics discussed (Back up, mechanical v ropes etc).
Back up is a term that is often banded about (and I have no problem with it at all). However, if we are using a single system of any type- you can make refinements e.g. a stopper knot on the end of a line, an energy absorber around components. It is backing up that system- but in the true sense of the word it is not giving you an independent back up against whatever incident occurs to cause that single system to fail. You can put as many components and stopper knots into a single system and it will not make any difference if you cut the line.
Back up can be a difficult concept to truly achieve in our job. I’ve seen (and done so my self) – put a belay on a novice climber – but ran the rope through the same branch work that the climbers system is on. Now – I am not been deliberately argumentative or obtuse – but even that is not truly independent despite the (in my opinion) small risks involved against the benefits gained.
Generally, a system based around rope on rope is likely to be stronger than one with mechanical components: but this is of no use to us if the system is intact but the forces are not survivable or result in major injury. Conversely, many of the mechanical devices mentioned in the thread are likely to slip and dissipate energy- which initially may be good news, but (depending upon component, rope and configuration) can quickly conspire against you. Will your component slip ? how far ? if it greets a stopper will all the remaining force hit your system (and body), will it eat the rope ? is it the correct rope for the device in the first place?
There are subtleties in application (and major differences in SRT to tradditional double rope work position) and this is why I believe you have to look at the system(s) as a whole (the components used -and the failure risks eg cutting rope, a fall, anchor failure etc)to make the appropriate decisions on your level and type of back up. Here in the UK we have the Work at Height Regulations – no one has adequately explained the full implications to us as practitioners – but in theory the reasonableness of the systems we use could be tested in Court.
I have no definitive answers or even coherent responses to the thread!: but 20- years climbing experience has taught me that the unexpected and remote possibility have a nasty habit of appearing when you least expect them.