I need help! I've been pruning trees for years now and have even managed a small apple orchard. My problem is this... I run into a lot of homeowners trees that have been topped, mangled or severly pruned in the past and I am asked to prune the tree so it produces and looks nice. I know how to properly prune an apple tree from the start, but what when its' been pruned incorrectly in the past, how do you do it? It's on option to tell the home owner," it's too late to do anything about it", yet I'd like to be able to help them to give them and the tree a fighting chance. Specifically I run into a tree that is bare from 5 feet up, to a mass of green about a foot in width on top. Any suggestions? I know there are a lot of theories to make a tree produce fruit, but are there any that work? Other than the standard sccaffold limbs and the like? I know species an varieties have a lot to do with the training, but for your average homeowner what do you do?