Hemlock bugs (or just crud?)

I've been doing treatments for HWA and EHS, so I'm pretty familiar with those hemlock pests. Today I saw two new ones.

The first may be some kind of hard scale - it looks a bit like tiny chocolate chips on the needle. I removed one from the needle and it had a hardish shell-like form (sorry for the crappy pics, I'm using a cheapo scope).
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On a different hemlock, I found these white masses on the twig itself (not the needle). I did a hatchet job of a dissection and found some reddish fluid inside. What are these? Soft scale? Some sort of fungi? Again, sorry for the poor quality pics.


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Anyone know what these are?
 
There were two black blobs on this single needle and a couple other needles here and there that had a 1-3 black blobs. I sliced one open, but they're too small to see much of anything with the naked eye and my scope didn't show much more (see pic below). The whitish stuff on the blob could be an artifact from my cutting it on a faux wood table (table is in background). Don't think we can learn much from this pic.

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