Rigging research results

Matt Follett

New member
Hi Folks,

Long time since I posted here… in fact I was more active on forums many moons ago, not so much anymore.

Anyway, I recently had an article published in Arb News, and Mark suggested I post about it here, and indeed it’s good to get the word out on multiple platforms. ;)

Some background, I’m a climbing arb with a few years under my belt; first working climb was 199something… ;). I also have a passion for research and am currently back “in school” pursing a PhD in some sort of biomechanics and trees thing ;). I have a big interest in trees and wind and the practical applications of pruning, and load reduction and general "stuff".

Buuuuutttt, as a climber I also have an interest in climber safety, and have some “side gigs” looking at some rigging dynamics.

Cut to the chase Matt… you’re dragging this out. ;)

So we pulled off a fun project a while back that looked at rigging rings under a running rope scenario, and the while it’s been presented at a few conferences, the first written article is now out (more to come) in the Feb issue of Arborist News

Linky Link ;) https://www.isa-arbor.com/Publications/Arborist-News

But for those that can’t access it (not ISA members), or want a short version, or more of causal discussion, I’ll post here from time to time, and try to keep it light and fun.

Rings and thimbles work… but they don’t solve all the problems of wood falling from the sky.

Here’s my experimental design. Basically I wanted it to be a real world as possible, so rather than putting a load cell between the block and the stem; I got some proxies through a bunch of other measures.
fig1_rigging diagram end fall cropped.jpg
So we measured load at the porta wrap, stem strain (with some super cool homemade high resolution strain gauges (0.001mm resolution) ), and acceleration of the falling block.

We tested 4 devices, a standard rotating block (DMM impact),a single #3 thimble, a double #2 thimble and a safebloc. Rope was a 9/16 Stable braid, and the piece was 187 kg, the run on the ram was 2.5 m. We got some cool results…
rigging rings.jpg
First off we saw a 50% reduction in load at the portawrap with the various ring things… which is as expected; you normally have to take wraps off compared to a block.
fig7_porta load cropped.png
We saw a 1/3 reduction in stem strain with the ring things,
fig8_Initial strain cropped.png

and a 1/3 reduction in our proxy for upper anchor load (take the porta wrap load and add the lead rope load (gained from the accelerometer )
fig9_load combined cropped.png
This would suggest we are burning off energy as heat in the rings…

Here’s the kicker though… There was NO SIGNIFICANT difference in the lead rope load for the safebloc, and not much a a difference for the rest. So while we feel a reduction in the energy being put into the stem, and a smoother ride, the rope between the falling piece and the upper anchor is still subjected to the same loads, so it’s still a “fuse” and this is where we are continually tying on, and we still have to think about knots and cycles to failure etc! so yeah.

fig10_lead rope cropped.png

;)

More to come! I’m putting together more results from a mass damping experiment where I looked at the sequence of branch removal in a negative rig… To be continued! ;)
 

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If you’re using the same rope does hysteresis (the time it takes a rope to recover from being stretched) come into play?
 
If you’re using the same rope does hysteresis (the time it takes a rope to recover from being stretched) come into play?
Good question... in this case I don't think we have the capacity to measure that... the effect would be minuscule. In this project the rope had plenty of time to recover between rigs. Now... if you wanna talk electrical hysteresis on the strain gauges... :) i'm all ears. I think we managed that by zeroing the dial each time, but hey.
 
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I much appreciate your efforts in quantifying the forces in these scenarios with scientific methods.

To accommodate the science deniers, you might consider also posting your conclusions as divine revelations. "And He said unto me, thy arborist block shalt smite the anchor point with the greatest load."
 
Do you mind sharing the mass of the piece of wood in question, as well as the rope details (type, diameter and lengths) in the system? Interesting work, thank you for posting!
 
Do you mind sharing the mass of the piece of wood in question, as well as the rope details (type, diameter and lengths) in the system? Interesting work, thank you for posting!
Hey, sorry I should have included that... it's in the text now. (All this stuff is in way more detail in the articles...)

The rope was 9/16 stable braid, the falling piece had a mass of 187 kg

Cheers.
Matt
 
That's really interesting.

Is the bullet point take- away that rings appear to reduce load on the stem but not on the line past the rigging point?
 
Any chance of posting an example graph of the load cell reading vs time? Which run isn't critical, just to see the shape. What was the log length and the fall distance of the log CofG? Guesstimating 4 ft long log and 6 feet CofG travel downwards by looking at groundie ramp size and 5 to 6 x rig tip force loading.

Did you get peak force timing etc matching the HSE report? The magic 19 degree rope angle? (or was that the resultant vector load at the tip, can't remember)

Brother from a different mother!! :)

How many wraps on the porty? How many feet from porty to ramp groundie (I just dug up catenary loading effects recently)?

Sean - yes, aerial friction takes load off the rigging tip by reducing the tension on the down line. In the most extreme case imagine the rigging pulley was a porty with enough wraps to have a limp down line and still slowly slide the log down; tip load would go all the way down to log weight (plus dynamics). Tension on rope attached at log remains basically unaffected i.e. always = log weight plus dynamics.
 
Any chance of posting an example graph of the load cell reading vs time? Which run isn't critical, just to see the shape. What was the log length and the fall distance of the log CofG? Guesstimating 4 ft long log and 6 feet CofG travel downwards by looking at groundie ramp size and 5 to 6 x rig tip force loading.

Did you get peak force timing etc matching the HSE report? The magic 19 degree rope angle? (or was that the resultant vector load at the tip, can't remember)

Brother from a different mother!! :)

How many wraps on the porty? How many feet from porty to ramp groundie (I just dug up catenary loading effects recently)?

Sean - yes, aerial friction takes load off the rigging tip by reducing the tension on the down line. In the most extreme case imagine the rigging pulley was a porty with enough wraps to have a limp down line and still slowly slide the log down; tip load would go all the way down to log weight (plus dynamics). Tension on rope attached at log remains basically unaffected i.e. always = log weight plus dynamics.
Ha!

More good questions. ;) Fall distance was not measured. I guess I should have for fun, but it was always the same, so not a variable. Same for robot groundie to porta wrap distance.

With the block, calculated upper anchor load was ~ 10x static mass, ~6-7x for stationary rings (see "proxy for load on anchor point" above. ;)

As per HSE, nice to see that mentioned ;) - Andreas Detter is a co-investigator... we dreamed up all kinds of other measures but there is only so much time and needed to stay relevant to the question at hand. We have some video, but not a great vantage point.

Here's a synchronous graph of both stem strain and porty load over time.

We only focused on initial strain, as in the case of a stem impact from the falling piece, we would get a big harmonic in the stem (see below)... We could be sure there was in impact as the timing matched a big "x axis" spike in the accelerometer (not shown) so we only looked stem strain that correlated in time with the initial loading of the rope.

stem and porta ab2.jpg
 
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How many wraps on the porty? So I can rough out some thoughts I have.

I've fallen into the tension ratio concept from friction testing I did. I confirmed Donzelli's 1.2 tension ratio for a rigging block, unintentionally.

Was it analog linear pots or is the public allowed to know the stem strain gauges? I'll understand if it is a trade secret. Digital verniers are accurate but have slow data rates. Mitutoyo at least.


Quite the bounce on the porty sling tension, right practically to zero @ 3 sec. Any thoughts why? Just tons of resonance in the system? Rope was double braid polyester (I think), bit of a stretch ( :) ) to blame it all on the rope.
 
I can't recall # wraps. 2??? maybe. Sorry.

there were linear pots... however the resolution with the available bit resolution is too low, but they are a nice back up, and helped ensure linearity of the primary sensor. The primary reading comes from a trade secret... full bridge strain gauge bonded to a curved piece of stainless steel (which also acts as a spring to reduce and backlash in the system ;) ). Yes, standard micrometers were considered... but still lack resolution and data rate.

I am not surprised at the bounce... the stem can be modelled as a big spring! and note that the low load you see in the porty corresponds with the first full wave in the stem oscillation. Add in some rope stretch (however it was stable braid) and a few other bouncy bits... and we have near zero load fore less then 1/2 second. ;)
 
Hey there @Matt Follett , I think I saw you present with Scott Baker many years ago. I tried really hard to look you up, searching for the results of the research you were doing at that time with cell phone accelerometers on tree branches and different pruning methods. Did that ever pan out?
I’ll be sure to take a closer look at this thread and sorry for the side track
 

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