Bolting vs wrapping

I am looking for any studies done on bolting vs wrapping trees. I think I am pretty familiar with the ANZI A300. I am also a owner of a challenge course company and a Professional Vendor Member(PVM) with the Association of Challenge Course Technology (ACCT). The cabling and bracing for ACCT standards are pretty much the same as ANZI. However, many european companies will not or cannot through bolt trees and wrap trees as Challenge course builders used to do years ago. I have seen some very girdling wraps through the last 20 yrs.

Any help or direction would be greatly appreciated.

Sincerely,
Tony Draus
ISA Certified Arborist PD-1740A
EdVenture Builders LLC.
570 784-0380
 
Seems to me the only way to make that work is to adjust the wraps periodically to accommodate the year's new growth. I imagine that would be easy enough to add to periodic inspections... which I assume are required.

I would love to see a study on what you're talking about. I've wondered about damaging cambium with dynamic cables in high wind events.
 
Inspections are necessary but ... I srongly suspect adjustments don't happen when needed.

Totally support through-bolting these systems, perhaps with small, vertical steel back support. Seen too much girdling and poor practice. Often fail to guy tree to ground properly.
 

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